TYPES OF TEXTURISING METHOD.

Types of texturising machine and different methods:-

There are different types of texturising are used in textile industries is as follows;

1. Friction DiscTexturising (HE or Set) .

2. Pin Texturising.

3. Air Texturising.

4. Stuffer box Texturising.

5. Knit de knit method.

6. Halenca process of producing modified stretched texturised yarn 

7. Edge Crimping Texturising method.

Friction Disc Texturising (HE or Set).

It is similar to SDS Draw texturising. In this where the filament goes through friction disc that creates a twist (false) which then immediately heat set and passing through a nip roller to winding drums where a paper tube or winding cheese is placed for making final package.

image of Friction disc texturising machine. Ref:-Poly spin tech.

Pin Texturising process:-

It is a process in which the yarn goes around a megnatic spindle (the pin) that creates a twist in the yarn which fixed by the rest process.is as draw texturising.

image showing pin Texturising (hot pin). Ref. textile library.

Air Texturising process :-

This process where air streams at high pressure make the filament in a yarn tangling together resulting into be hairer , thus feeling softer and more like spun yarn.

Air Texturising Machine Ref. Exporters india

The ATY Texturising principle: Parallel ATY yarn.

One or more ends of filament yarn are overfeed at a constant rate to a special air jet , which blows , depending on the amount of overfeed between the inlet and outlet feeds, the yarn into a continuous string of smaller and larger loops. Similar as in the tangling of yarns the center of the ATY becomes randomly braided. The individual filaments are compact by loops.

water is added in front of the jet to lubricate the yarn, so that is less yarn to jet friction inside the jet and the formation of loops becomes more effecient . The water is blown off the yarn at the jet exit and the yarn is basically dry where it is wound on to a package. The picture above represents the most simple way to produce ATY. As POY becomes widely available the machinary producers were forced to provide suitable production machine by adding a hot pin and a drawing zone to draw the POY . Alternatively had godets are used to draw the yarn (see in picture on the bottom which shows the location of godets.) In principle the machine funstioned like this ;- 

The ATY Texturising principle: Core effect:-

Core effect ATY is used widely when high bulk and volume is required. This is the core for upholstery, furniture and soft luggage yarn. But also finer Denier nylon yarn is processed as core effect for sport wear.

The core yarn is over feed to the jet with less overfeed than the effect yarn. For example, the core yarn overfeed to the jet could be 8% and the effect yarn overfeed could be 30% . Jet manufacturers are providing different jets for high & low overfeed . The final device also influence the jet design.

Loop size and loop stability matter greatly, especially for finer Denier yarns. Smaller loops are more stable and provide a better volume than larger loops. To increase the stability and to shrink the loop into a smaller size ATY can be heat treated in a setting heater.

Specially stabilised ATY can be produced with an additional drawing zone between the jet and the heater. Here long loops are stretched to a point where they are not a lose loop any more and the rest of the loops are drawn to smallet size. This increase ATY stability and processability. This process was once patented by Barmag. As shown the lower picture, drawing of Polyester yarn can also be done by using hot draw godets . Hot godets are wrapped several times to allow the yarn to absorb the heat of the godet. The first godet is normally heated above the glass transition point of polyester to allow optimum drawing condition. The second godet if heated , is used to anneal the fiber .

Air Texturising process:-

The air texturising process was developed about 50 years ago. However, it's nearly 30 years before the first commercial machine for the production of air jet texturised apparel yarns was displayed at ITMA in 1979. The air texturising process transforms flat multifilament yarn into yarn with spun like  character. The similarly to spun yarns has given the textile industry, economically produced products.

ref:- https://textilelibrary.weelby.com

Stuffer box Texturising:-

In this process the filament are stuffed in a confined space of a chamber which is called stuffer box. In the stuffer box the filaments are heat set in their crimped form and then they are withdraw. These yarns are soft bulky and offer good absorption properties and have less extensibility . The amplitude and friction of the crimp can be controlled but all the crimp will not be in the same size. The range of the stretch is in the same as that of the modified stretch yarn i.e. 100-150%.

image of stuffer box crimping method.Ref by swicofil.

Knit de Knit process:-

Firstly the yarn is knitted into a tube on a knitting machine. Once the is finished , it get steam treated (or dyed depending on the exact method) which fixates crimp/loop. After wards the fabric gets un knitted creating a yarn with typical loop.

image of knit de knit cinckling method Ref:-Textile study center.

image knit de knit textured yarn.Ref:swicofil.

Ref-https://www.swicofil.com

Halenca process of producing modified stretch yarn:-

In this process of producing modified stretch yarn the aim is to reduce the stretch 100-150%. It is a batch process , follows the pattern of twist-heatset-detwist, make a soft package reset. Firstly, a multi filaments twisted package is taken and heat setted, where the twist was eliminated, this is called ad detwisting . After detwisting the textured yarn obtained is converted into soft package. Basically, a soft package which in a low tension is applied. Tension to an extent where is does not open out  there will be some amount of helical structure on the filament.

The soft package then reset where it will be heated but with temperature less than that of previous heater , this can be called as secondary heater. In a soft pacyyhe yarn has got some scope to relax the secondary heater temperature must be lower than the primary heater temperature. We make soft package so that the textured yarn is not fully stretched before secondary heater, we stretch fully all textured we have given in the first step   shall disappear.

Edge Crimping Texturising method;-

This method gives a stretch yarn . In this process a blunt knife edge is taken and the filament is drawn is drawn over the knife and the filament is drawn over the knife blunt edge. The knife edge could be heated. When we drawn the filament over the knife edge the part of filament which is near the knife to travel less distance than the filament in the outer edge. This result in stretching of outer edge. The result in stretching of outer filament near the edge. This is caused due to phenomenan of bilateral consumption and extension, strain which develop crimps. The yarn obtained by helical in structure without twisting.

Types of yarn which can be textured.

Synthetics, filament yarns made from polyester, nylon, and propylene. Nylon yarn in the range of 15-110 Deniers, with the majority of fine hosiery yarn being 20 Denier, and coarser yarn being 70 Denier. Polyester yarn are normally in the range of 50-300 Denier, with the emphasis on 75 and 150 Denier.

Texturised yarn are qualified as:-

STRETCHED YARN.

These type of yarn provide better extensibility and good recovery. They are produced by false twist textured or by edge Crimping using only one heating zone. High stretch 300 to 400% with moderate to high bulk.

MODIFIED STRETCH YARN:-

They are produced by the presence of second heating zone during false twist or edge Crimping process . They have moderate (100-150%) with high bulk.

BULK YARN:- 

They are produced by fear crimping , stuffer box , air-jet and knit de knit process. They have no stretch and high bulk.

Ref:https;//www.textilesphere.com.