PARTS OF LOOM(TEMPLES);-
TEMPLES:-
Necessity of temples:-
(a) Temples are necessary in the production of majority of cloths (fabrics) owing to following reason :-
(i) To overcome the drag on the selvedge threads when the shuttle passes over the race;
(ii) To keep the fell of the cloth at the same width as the warp threads in the reed;
(iii) To counteract contraction of the fabric due to the interlacement of the warp and weft ;
(iv) To prevent the selvedge threads from being broken by the reed and the reed from being injured by the warp threads;
(b) The cloth contracts between a reed and the bite of a temple . It is, therefore, necessary to stretch the cloth slightly while in contact with temples , but the temples are unable to distend a cloth .
(i) Good and elastic weft yarns shrink more than others.When the warp is thick and stronger than the weft, the latter will be deflected more than the warp.
(ii) Different fabrics contract differently owing to difference of diameter in yarn , frequency of interlacement, types of yarn, kinds of weave, etc.
(iii,) A cloth contracts more at the selvedge and less at the center of the cloth . The best temple will grip and stretch a cloth nearest to the fell.
TYPES OF TEMPLES:-
Till the nineteenth century, wooden temple were used both in hand and powerlooms, but they are now used in handlooms only. At present there are many types of self-acting metal temples commonly used in the powerloom industry such as:-
(1) Trough and roller temples;
(2) Single , double, and three-roller side temple.
(3) Ring temples with inclined, horizontal or combined rigs ;and
(4) Star temples.
Besides , Lupton's "Revoleze" temple is extensively used for cotton and rayon , and Lupton's nylon temple for nylon weaving. There are also special types of temples, such as , Dobcross dobby loom temple , Walker and Bennet's 'adaptable temples ' etc.
USES;-
(a) Roller temples are generally in use in the cotton looms.
(b) For major part of medium and heavy woollen and Worsted fabrics rings are very suitable. It gives a maximum pull on the selvedge and a minimum pull on the inner end .
(c) For weaving dress fabrics of narrow width , ring temples with only 2 or 3 broader rings, or sometimes star temples having no caps are used.
Trough and Roller Temple:-
In fug192,a trough and roller temple is illustrated. It consistss of a semi-circular iron trough A which run across the reed width underneath the fabrics between the cloth fell and the breast beam with the hollowed parts upwards . The Roller B whose diameter is 1.126 to1.25 inches or from 2.86 cms. to 3.18 cms. is placed at the both ends.
Two caps C passes over the journals of B and are bolted firmly . The roller is fluted for 12" to 18' or 30.48 cms. to 45.72 cms. from each end, but plain portion, from 4"or or 10.16 cms. upwards is left at the center . The hole is supported upto two long spring stands D which are bolted to the front rail. In case of a shuttle is trapped in the shed, the spring gives way and the temple rolls back without doing damage to the fabric. When the reed is loose, it assirs to force back the reed .
In fixing this temple in position the front edge of the trough is moved as near the fell of the as possible without touching the reed , and the roller should turn freely in the trough. As a fabric passes over the selvedge of A , it is deflected by the roller B and the maximum bites is obtained by raising the front is A until a fabric forms sa sharp angle.
Uses :-
This temple is largely used for weaving light and medium cotton fabrics. It is not used for cloths more than 60" or 152.4 cms. wide , as the cloth is held in frictional contact with the roller B , its power to prevent contraction is not much. In using this temple the sley must be lower than is necessary for most temples. It gives better 'cover of cloth ' than the side temples. This temple prevents detection of weft , as it covers 5 cm. of woven cloth.
Ref:-Weaving Mechanism Book Vol. II by Prof. N. N. Banerjee.
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