TYPES OF YARN AND FIBER COCONUT/COIR FIBER.
Coconut/Coir fiber:-
Fig. Structure of coir fiber.
Fig. Parts of coconut.
Fig. of brown fiber
Fig. Manufacturing process of coir fiber.
Introduction:-
Coconut fibre is one of the natural fibers abduntly available in tropical regions, and is extracted from the husk of coconut fruit. It is also called coir fiber. Coconut fiber is extracted from the outer shell of a coconut. According to official website of International Year for Natural Fiber 2009.
approximately, 5,00,000 tonnes of coconut fibers are produced annually world wide , mainly in India and Srilanka. Its total value is estimated at $100 millions. India and Srilanka is also the main exporters , followed by Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia. Around half of the coconut fibers produced is expoted in the form of raw fiber.
Fig. Of coconut fiber.
Botanical Name:-
The common name , scientific name and family of coconut fiber is Coir, Cocos nucifera and Arecaceae (palm)
Cross-sectional and longitudinal view.
Fig. of Cross sectional and Longitudinal view of coir fiber.
Structure of Coir fibers.
Over view of coconut.
Types of coir fiber:-
There are generally two types of coconut fiber. They are categorised on the basis of age, as given
1) Brown fiber.
2) White fiber.
(1) Brown fiber:-
Brown fibers are extracted from matured coconuts. Brown fibers are thick , strong and have high abrasion resistance.
(3) White Fiber:-
White fibers are extracted from immature Coconuts . White fibers are smoother and finer , but also weaker.
Fig.of White fibers.
Commercial name of Coconut fibers.
Coconut fibers are commercially available in three forms;
1) Bristle Fiber:-
These are long fiber .
2) Matteress Fiber:-
These are relatively short fiber .
3) Decorticated fiber:-
These are mixed fiber.
The manufacturing process of Coir Fiber:-
HARVESTING AND HUSKING:-
Coconuts that have rippened and fallen from the tree may simply be picked up off. The outer layers covering the coconut seed are processed and spun into fibers commonly known as coir. Coconut still clinging to the 40-100 ft (12-30 mts ) tall trees are harvested by human climbers. If the climber picks the fruit by hand , he can harvest fruits from about 25 trees in a day. If the climber used a bamboo pole with a knife attached to the end to reach through the tree top vegetation and cut selected coconuts loose, he can harvest 250 trees per day.(A trained monkey climb tree to pick rope coconuts is used only in countries that produce little commercial coir).
Ripe coconuts are husked immediately, but unripe coconuts may be seasoned for a month by spreading them in a single layer on the ground and keeping them dry . To remove the fruit from the seed , the coconut is impaled on a steel-pipe spike to split the husk. The pulp layer is easily peeled . A skilled husker can manually split and peel about 2,000 coconuts per day. Modern husking machine can process 2,000 coconut per hour.
RETTING:-
Retting is a curing process during which the husks are kept in environment that encourages the action of naturally occurring microbes. This action partially decomposes the husks pulp , allowing to be separated into fibers and a residue called coir pith . Fresh water retting is used for green husks.
1) For fresh water retting, ripe husk are buried in pits dug along river banks, immersed in water filled cocentrated tanks, or suspended by nets in a river ang weighted to keep them submerged. The husks typically soak at six months.
2) Salt water retting, green husk are soaked in seawater or artificially salinated fresh water. Often this is accomplished by placing them in pits along river banks near the ocean , where tidal action alternately covers them with sea water and rinse them with river water . Salt water retting usually take eight to ten minutes although adding the paper bacteria to water can shorten the retting period to a few days.
3) Mechnical technique have recently been developed to heaten or eliminate retting . Ripe husks can be processed in crushing machine after being retted for only seven to ten days. Immature husks can be dry milled without any retting. After passing through the crushing machine , these greige husks need only be dampened with water or saoked one to two days before proceeding to the defibering step. Dry milling process on mattress fiber.
DEFIBERING,;-
1) Traditionally, worker beats the retted pulp with wooden mallet to separate the fiber from pith and the outer skin . In recent years motorised machine have been developed with flat beater arm operating inside steel drum. Seperation of the bristle fiber accomplished by hand or in a machine consisting of a rotating drum fitted with steel spikes.
2) Separation after matteress fibers from the pith is completed by washing the residue from the defibering process and combing through it by hand or tumbling it in a perforated drum or seive (salt water retting produced only matteress fiber)
3) The clean fibers are spread loosely on the ground to dry in the sun.
FINISHING:-
1) Bristle Fibers that will not immediately be futher processe are rolled and tied into loose bundles for storage an shipment. More mechanized producers may use a hydraulic press to create compact bale.
2) Similarly, matteress fibers may simply be baled with a hydraulic press. However if more processing is desired, the fibers are combed with mechnical or mannual carding tool, then loosely twisted into a thick yarn (wick) and wound into bundles.
Later the wick can be respun into a finer yarn . Techniques vary from simple hand-opetated Spinning wheel or a fully automated spinning machine.
3) Depending on its antended final use , the yarn may be shipped to customers or multiple strand strands may be twisted into twine and budled for shipment. Both traditional, manual techniques and newer mechnical methods used to weave yarn into mats or nets.
4) For some used , such as upholstery, padding, bristlefuber is loosely spun into yarn and allwod to rest. Then the fiber is , which have become curly are separated. These fibers are lightly felted into mats that are sprayed with latex rubber, dried and vulconized (heat treated with sulphur.
Chemical composition of coconut/Coir fiber:-
1) Linging. 45.84%
2) Cellulose. 43.44%
3) Hemi cellulose. 00.25%
4) pectins and related components 3.00%
5) Water soluble 5.25%
6) Ash 2.22%
Physical properties of coconut/coir fiber:-
1) Length in inches 6-8
2) Density (g/cc). 1.4
3) Tenacity. 10.0
4) Breaking elongation ™. 30%
5) Diameter in mm 0.1 to 1.5
6) Rigidity of Module 1.894dyne/cm 2
7) Swelling in water (diameter) 5%
8) Moisture at 65% RH. 10.50Hif
Highly flammable:-
Coconut fiber belongs to the class of compounds known as flammable solid . It easily catches fire upon ignition.
Fiber fineness:-
The fiber fine ness varies between 50 and 300 um.
Effect of acid:-
The exceptionally high lingin content implies that the available cannot simply be transferred to coir.
End uses;-
1) White coir spun into yarn is used in the manufacture of rope.
2) Brown coir is used in preparation of carpets.
3) Brown coir is also used in formatin of of door mats.
4) Brown coir is used for manufacturing of matteress.
5) Coir fibers is also used in automobile.
6) Geo-textiles made from mesh (at left) are dirable absorb water resist sunligh, facilitate seed germination and are 100% biodegradable.
7) Coir repeat , a residue of gaining economic importance as much , soil treatment and hdrophonic growth medium.
8) Coir fiber liner that are environment friendly products and used for indoor gardening. These products offer an outstanding drainage and aeration to roots and prevent the plant from root rat.
9) Coir fiber is also used in making idols
10) It also used inaking sofa.
11) Coir fibers bricks are used for many purpose.
12) Coir fiber is used in making toy.
13) It is also used in making brushes.
14) Coir fiber is also used in cosmetic.
Ref:-https://texilelearner,net
Comments
Post a Comment