TYPES OF YARN AND FIBER USED IN TEXTILE (COTTON AND POLYESTER)

Types of yarn and fiber used in Textile:-

There are different types of yarn and fiber used in textile industry. They are as follows:-

COTTON:-

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fibers that grows in ball or protective case , around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae . The fiber is almost pure cellulosic and can contain minor percentage of waxes , fats, pectins and water . Under natural conditions the cotton ball will increase the dispersal of the seed.

image of manually decontaminating cotton before processing st an Indian spinnin mills.

The plant is as shrub native to tropical and sub tropical regions around the world including the America , Africa , Egypt, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton specise is found in Mexico , followed by Australia and Africa . Cotton was independently domesticatec in the old and new world.

The fiber is most often spun into yarn or threads and used to make a soft , breathable and durable textiles . The use of cotton for fabric is known to date the prehistoric times, fragments of cotton fabrics dated to the fifth millennium B.C. have been found in the indus valley civilization as well as fabric remnants dated back to 6000 B.C. in Peru. Although cultivated since antiquity it was  the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its wide spread used and it is most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

Current estimates for world production are about 25 miillliom tonnes or 110 million bales annually, accounting for 2.5 % of the world's arable land.

India is the worlds largest producer of cotton . The United States has exporter for many years.

image of ready cotton for harvest in Andhra Pradesh (South India)

Types of cotton :-

There are four commercially grow species of cotton all, domestcated  in antiquity.

They are,

1) Gospium hirsutam:-

Upland cotton native to Central America, Mexico, the carribbean and South Florida 90% of world production.

2) Gospium barbadense:-

Known as extra long staple cotton, native to tropical South America (8% of World production).

3) Gossypium arboreum:-

Tree cotton native to India and Pakistan (less than 2%).

4) Gossypium hebaceum:- 

Levant Cotton native to Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (less than 2%).

Hybrid varieties are also cultivated. The two new world cotton species account for the vast majority of modern cotton production ,but the two old world species were widely used before 1900s. While cotton fibers occur naturally in colors of white, brown, pink, and green, fears of contaminating the genetics of white cotton have led many cotton growing location ban the growing of colored cotton varieties.

POLESTER:-

Poleyster is a category of polymer that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit of there main chain. As a specific material commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthelate (PET) . Polyester includes naturally cocurring chemical such as in plants and insects as well as Synthetics such as polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and few synthetics ones are biodegradable. Synthetic poleyster are used extensively in clothings.

image of Easter group(blue) which defines Polyester.

Polyester fibers are some  times spun together with natural fibers to produce a Cloth with blended properties . Cotton-polyester blends can be strong, wrinkle-and tear-resistance and reduced shrinking. Synthetic fiber using polyester have high water, wind and environmental resistance compare to plant derived fibers. They are less fire-resistance and can melt when ignited.

Light crystalline polyester are among the first industrially used liquid crystal polymer. They are used for their mechanical properties and heat resistance. These traits are also important in their application as an abradable seal in jet engine.

Uses and application of Polyester fiber;-

Fabrics woven or knitted from Polyester threads or yarn are used extensively in apparel and home furnishings, shirts, and pants to to jackets and hats bed sheet, blankets , upholstered furniture and computer mouse mats . Industrial fiber yarns and ropes are used in car tire reinforcements with high energy absorption. Polyester fiber is used as cushioning and insulating material in pillows, comforters and upholstery padding. Polyester fabrics are highly stain-, resistance. Since polyester is a hydrophobic material, making it had to absorb liquids. The only class dyed which can be used to alter the color of polyester fabrics are known as disperse dyed.

Polyester are also used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin, sail ,(Dacron), canoes , liquid crystal displays , holograms , filters , dielectric film, for capacitor, film insulation for wire and insulating tapes. Polyester are widely used as a finish on high quality wood products such as guitars, pianos, and vehicle/yatch interiors. Thixotropic properties of spray-applicable polyester make them ideal for use open grain timber, as they can quickly fill wood grain with a high built film thickness pet cost. It can be used for fashionable dresses ,but it is most admired for its ability to resist wrinkling and shrinking while washing the product . It toughness makes it a frequent choice for children wear. Polyester is often blended with other fibers like cotton to get the desirable properties of both materials cured polyester can be sanded and polished to a high-glass durable finish.

Ref:-https://en.m.wikipedia.org