TYPES OF YARN AND FIBER USED IN TEXTILE (JUTE)

Types of yarn and fiber used in textile:-

JUTE FIBER:-

Jute is a long , soft , shiny bast fiber that can be spun into coarse , string threads, it is produced from flowering plants in the genus corchorus, which is in the mellow family Malvaceae. The primarily source of the fiber is corchorus olitorious , but such fiber is considered inferior to that derived from corchorus capsularies "Jute" is the name of plant or fiber used to make burlap, hessian or gunny cloth.

image of Jute fiber.

image of A Jute field in Bangladesh.

image of Jute Rope.

Jute is one of most affordable natural fibers and second only to cotton in the amount produced and variety of uses . Jute fibers are composed primarily of plant materials cellulose and lignin. Jute is fibers falls into bast fiber category ( fiber collected from bast, the phloem of the plant sometimed called the skin.) along with kenaf industrial term hemp ,flax (linen) ,remie etc. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute . The fibers are off-white to brown and 1-4 meter (3.13 feet) long . Jute is also called the ,"golden fiber" for its color and high cash value.

The bulk of the jute trade is centred on South Asia , with India and Bangladesh as the primary producer. The majority of jute is used for sustainable packaging, for products liko, coffee bags. However, production has in recent scaled down , as unsustainable plastics have come to dominate the market, but this trend has recently reversed as countries phase out or ban single use plastics.

CULTIVATION OF JUTE:-

image of Jute plants(corchorus olitorious, and corchorus capsularies)

image of jute sticks.

The jute plant needs plain alluvial soil and standing water. During the monsoon season, the climate offers a suitable environment for growing jute (warm and wet) . Temperature from 20° to 40° C (68-104°F) and relative humidity 70-80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5-8 cm (2-3 inch) of rain fall weekly and more during the sowing time. Soft water is necessary for jute Production. 

White Jute  (Corchorus Capsularies):-

Historicall documents (including Aine-e-Akbari by Abdul Fazl ibn Mubarak in 1590).

state that the poor villagers of India used to wear clothes made of jute. The weaver's used simple hand spinning wheels and handlooms , and spun cotton as well. History also suggests that the Indians, especially Bengalis used ropes and twines made by white jute from ancient times for house hold and other uses.  Jute is highly functional for carrying grains or other agricultural products.

 Corchorus Capsularies (also known as putsan ) is a shrub species family Malvaceae. It is one sources of jute fiber , considered to be of fine quality than fiber corchorus olitorious,  the main source of jute. The leaves are used as a food stuff and the leaves unripe fruit and the roots are used in traditional medicine

plant (leaves) of corchorus capsularies.

Description of corchorus capsularies;-

It is an erect annual shrub with acute leaves , yellow five-petaled  flowers and growing to two or more meters in height. It has globular fruits . It is probably originated in China ,but is now grown in Bangladesh and India, and found spread across much of tropical Africa. It is also cultivated in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Uses of corchorus capsularies:- 

Fiber made from Corchorus Capsularies is whiter and of a higher quality and then that from Corchorus olitorious. The fiber extracted from the cut stems by retting in water , removing the soft tissue , curing the fiber and drying it. It is used for making sacks, bags, carpets curtains fabrics and paper. Corchorus Capsularies are the main source of jute. The world production as concentrated in India and Bangladesh and Berhamputra flood plain and delta region.

The leaves and shoots of this plant are widely eaten  in salad when young and are used as a cooked leafy vegetable when older. The leaves dried and powered to use as a thickener in soup or a tea. The immature fruits are also eaten , raw or cooked . 

The plant is also used in herbal medicine. The leaves have been used to increase appetite, as an air to digestion as a laxalive and as a stimulant. An infusion of the leaves has been used to reduced fever and the roots and leaves have been used against dysentery. The seed contains a  digoxin-like substance and are poisonous to both animals and insects.

image of stem top with leaves, flowers. buds and open flower.

image of Hank of fiber.

Ref:-https://en.m.wikipedia.org