TYPES OF YARN AND FIBER USED IN TEXTILE,(NYLON, ACRYLIC):-

Types of yarn and fiber used in textiles:-

NYLON:-

Any synthetic plastic material composed of polyamide of  high molecular weight on usually , but not always manufactured as a fiber. Nylon were developed in 1930s by research team headed by American chemist Wallace H.

Carothers, working for E.I.Du-Pont de Nemuros and Company. The successful production of useful fibers by chemical sythtetics is from compounds ready available from, air water, and coal or petrolium. Stimulated expression of research on polymers, loading to a rapidly proliferation family of synthetics.

Nylon can be drawn , cast-extruded through spinnerate from a melt or solution to form fibers, filaments, bristles or sheet to be manufactured into yarn , fabrics and cordage and it can be formed into a molded  product . It has been high resistance to wear , heat and chemical.

When cold drawn, it is tough , elastic and strong . Most generally known in the form of fine and coarse filaments such as hosiery,  parachute and bristles, nylon is also used in the molding trades , particularly in injection molding where it's toughness and ability to flow around complicated inserts are prime advantages.

image of nylon yarn.

Ref:-https://www.britannica.com,science

ACRYLIC FIBER AND YARN:-

Acrylic fibers are synthetics fiber made from a ploymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average of ~ 100,000 about 1900 monomer units. For a fiber to be called "acrylic" in the US.  the polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer. Typical co-monomers are vinyl acetate or methyle acrylate. Du pont created first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trade marked them under the name orlon . It was first developed in the mid-1940s but was not produced in large scale quantities until 1950s . Strong and warm acrylic fibers is often used for sweaters and track suits and as a lining for boots and gloves, as well as in furnishings fabric and carpets. It is manufactured as a filament , then cut into short staple length similar to wool hairs and sound into yarn.

 image of acrylic yarn dyed with basic dyes.

Acrylic yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, used in sewing , weaving,knitting, crocheting , embroidery, rope making and the production of textiles. Thread is type of yarn intended for sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stress involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarn specially designed for needle work. Yarn can be made of a number of natural or synthetics materials and comes in variety of colors and thickness (referred to as "weight"). Although the yarn may be dyed in different colors, most yarn are solid colored with uniform hue.

image of acrylic ball ref by Alamy.

This yarn is very inexpensive and comes in a wide variety of colors which make ideal for the nonce knitter or crocheter who is trying to save the money on material, plus they can be an excellent candidate for the life of the best yarn for placement. Acrylic yarns are usually not as durable as wool , but they can be washed and dried easily , making them great for kids cloth that need frequent washing (a comfy sweater for school).

Modacrylic is modified acrylic fiber that contains at least 35% and at most 85% acrylonitrile. Vinylchloride or vinylbromide  used in modacrylic, give the fiber flame retardent properties. End uss of modacrylic include faux, fur, eigs, hair extensions and protective cloth .

Production:-

The polymer is formed by 'free-radical polymerization ' in aqueous suspension. The fiber is produced by dissolving the polymer in solvent such as N.N-diemethyleformamid (DMF) or aqueous sodium thiocynate , metering it through a multi hole spinnerate and coagulating the resultant filament in an aqueous solution of the same solvent (wet spinning) or evaporating the solvent in a stream of heated inter gas (dry spinning), washing, stretching drying and crimping , complete the process. Acrylic fibers are produced in a range of deniers usually from 0.9 to 15;as cut staples are as 500.000 to 1 million filaments tow. End uses include, sweaters, hats hand-knitting yarns,socks, rugs, awning boat covers , and upholstery, the fiber is also used as PAN precausor for carbon paper.

Properties of Acrylic yarn:-

1) It usually comes in bright colors making it great for children clothing projects or baby blankets.

2) The yarn is also can be machine washed and dried , which makes it ideal for larger items that get more wear like sweater.

3) Acrylic yarn are not as durable as wool and should never be used on needles.

Smaller the size 13 to avoid splitting the yarn (and creating hole).

4) These types of yarns are very inexpensive, so as they are often chosen by first time.

5) They comes in just about any colors imaginate.

6) Resistance to bugs, chemicals, oils and external element. 

Use of Acrylic yarn

This yarn is perfect for making sweaters, blankets and othe wearable items (shawl).

It can also be used to make home decor such as pillows or Curtis. Since it is not fragile like wool yarn.

Ref:-https://en.m.wikipedia acrylic.