TYPES OF YARN (PLY/CORD/NOVELTY):-

TYPES OF YARN:-

Earlier it has been explained that how the different qualities yarns manufactured and used in the textile industry from different fibers.

Now here I am going to give some other yarn used in textile and their quality,  production and uses in brief . It can be classified as given under.

 Classification based on their number of strand:-

Yarn can be described a single or one ply; ply, plied or folded or as cords , including cable and hawser type.

Image of single ply yarn showing s twist and z twist in it and a folded yarn also.

SINGLE YARN:-

Single or one ply yarns are single composed of fiber held together at least a small amount of twist ,or of filaments grouped together either with or without twist or of narrow strips is material or of single filament extruded in sufficient thickeness for use alone as yarn ( mono filament) . Single yarn of the spun type, composed of many short fibers requires twist to hold them together and may be made with either S-twist or Z- twist. Single yarns are used in to making the greatest variety of fabrics . 

PLY YARN;-

Ply , plied or folded yarns are composed of two or more single yarns twisted together. Two ply yarn for example is composed of two single strands; three ply yarn is compound of three single strand making ply yarns from spun strand, the individual strands are usually each twisted in one direction and then combined and twisted in the opposite direction. When both the single strand and the final ply yarns are twisted in the same direction, the fibers is firmer producing harder texture and reducing flexibility. Ply yarns  provide strength for heavy industrial fabric and also used for delicaton looking sheer fabrics 

image of ply yarn. ref by research gate.

CORD YARN:-

Cord yarn are produced by twisting ply yarn together, with the final twist usually applied on opposite direction of the ply twist. Cable cord may follow SZS ,form with S-twisted single made into S-twisted. Plies that are then combined with an S-twist  or may follow an ZSZ form or ZZS form . Hawser cord may follow an  SSZ or ZZS  pattern. Cord yarn may be used as rope or twine , may be made into very heavy industrial fabrics or may be composed of extremely fine fibers that are made up into sheer dress fabrics.

diagram of cord yarn. Ref by pixabay.

NOVELTY YARN:-

Nylon yarns includes a wide variety of yarn made with such a special effect as slubs, produced by internationally including small lumps in the yarn structure and synthetic yarn with varying thickness introduced during production. Natural fiber, including some linens wools to be woven into tweed and the uneven filaments of some types of silk cloth are allowed to retain there normal irregularies , producing the characterstic uneven surface of the finished fabrics . Synthetic fibers , which can modified during production, are especially adoptable for special effect such as crimping and texturising.

image Novelty yarn ref by wikipedia

TEXTURED YARN:- 

Image of textured yarn:-

Texturising process were originally applied to synthetics fibers to reduce such characterstics as transparency, slipperiness (formation of small fiber tangle on a fabric surface ) . Texturising process makes yarn more opaque , improve appearance and texture, and increase warmth and absorbency . Textured yarn are synthetic continuous filament, modified to impart special textured and appearance. In the production of abraded yarns , the surface are roughened  and cut at various intervals and given address twist , producing hairy effect . 

Bulking creates air space in the yarn imparting absorbancy and improving ventilation. Bulk is frequently introduced by crimping , imparting wavyness , similar to the natural crimp of wool fiber, by curling , producing curls or loop at various intervals or by coiling , imparting stretch. Such changes are usually set by heat application, although chemical, treatments are employed. In the early 1970s bulky yarn were most frequently produced by the "false" twist method , a continuous process in which the filament yarn is twisted and set and then untwisted and heated again to either stabilize or destroy the twist . The " stuffing box" method is often applied to nylon , process in which the filament yarn is compressed in heated tube, imparting a zig zag crimp , then  slowly withdrawn . . 

In the knit-de-knit , process , a synthetic yarn is knitted , heT is applied to set the loopd formed by knitting, and the yarn is un revealed and lightly twisted , thus producing the desired trle turned in completed fabrics 

Bulk may be introduced chemically by combining filaments of both high and low shrinkage potential in the same yarn , then subjecting the yarn to washing or steaming , caysing the high shrinkage filaments to react producing a bulked yarn without stretch. A yarn may be air bulked by encloding it in a chamber where it is subjected to a high pressure jet of air blowing the individual filaments into random loo that separates, in testing the bulk of the material.

 Ref:-https://www.britannica.com