BASIC OF LOOMS:-

BASIC OF LOOMS:-

A loom is a device used to weave cloth (textile) and tapestry. The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the inter weaving of the weft threads . The precise shape of loom and its mechanisam vary, but the basic functions are the same.

Loom can be classified as 

(1) Conventional looms.

(2) Non Conventional looms and

(3) Special loom.

(1) Conventional loom:-

Conventional loom is that which came first in existence. For example A handloom.

(a) Handloom:-

In which the use of hand or leg of an human is used to produce fabrics, it was invented first to produce fabric without any extra aid either electric or any other method. 

image of a hand loom ref by aljazira.

(b) Plain loom.

In this loom only plain fabric is produced.

(c) Dobby loom.

In this loom a dobby is placed over the loom to produce designed fabric most probably sarees or ladies dress material.

(d) Jacquard loom:-

In this loom jacquard are placed over the loom to produced a big designs in the fabrics. This loom is used mostly to produce bed sheet and furnishing fabrics.

(2) Non conventional looms:-

These are the development of of older conventional looms (handloom).

They can be described as ; 

i) Modern loom.

ii) Air jet loom. 

iii) Water jet loom.

iv) Rapier loom.

v) Missile or projectile loom.

(3) Special loom .

This loom has special features in them so called special loom, they are

A) Terry loom.

B) Gauze and Leno loom.

C) Border loom. 

D) Short loom.

E) Broad loom.

F) Pile loom.

All the above looms are used to produce special fabrics of different type and qualities of fabric.

Apart from these loom, we can commonly classify the loom on the basis of shuttle. Then it can be classified as 

(1) Shuttle loom. 

(2) Shuttle less loom.

(1) Shuttle loom:-

The loom in which the insertion of weft yarn through the shed in the fabric is done with the help of a spindle (shuttle) is called shuttle loom. Mostly the conventional loom are shuttle  looms.  There are two types of shuttle looms are ;

a) Throw shuttle looms.

b) Fly shuttle looms.

(2) Shuttleless loom:-

Shuttle looms are mostly modern and automatic looms comes under this category. Where the yarn inserted in the fabric without the shuttle with any other medium. Under this looms are ;

a) Air jet loom:-

In this loom the weft yarn is inserted with help of high pressure air jet.

b) Water jet loom:-

 In this loom the weft is inserted with help of water jet (high pressurized)

c) Rapier loom:-

In this loom a plastic tape (rapier) is used to insert the weft through warp shed in the fabric.

d) Projectile or Missile loom.

In this loom a steel or metal made projectile is used to insert weft.

All the above looms are semi-automatic and automatic. The details description will come later in each heading.

Ref:https://www.britannica.com