TYPES OF HANDLOOM:-

PIT LOOM:-This loom is ceated by sunken four poster into the ground and with an over hang slay. The threads works inside the pit, so that the warp threads may absorb moisture and better weaving result. In this loom combination of slay and shuttle boxes introduced to move the shuttle on slay race from one side to the other side of the fabric. This movement is done with the help of a picking handle in such manner when a weaver propells the shuttle, then shuttle travels in shed from one end of shuttle box to another. This process of transferring shuttle from one side to the other side is called “Flying shuttle”. In 1733 A. D. John Kay of Bury, England invented “Fly shuttle” This invention was extremely important in the history and development of weaving.

Image of pit loom.

Image of A weaver is weaving on PIT LOOM.

FEATURES:-

1. It is a Fly Shuttle loom.

2. Its Production is doubled because of the introduction of slay and shuttle boxes .

3. An average weave can weave a machine with fly shuttle loom at 80–110 picks per minute.

4 . Shuttle is transferred from one box to another box with the help of handle and a picker place in shuttle box .

5. To control the moisture loom are settled in the floor in the way that the moisture can be getable for the good quality and luster. 

ADVANTAGES:-

a) Production is high.

b) Moisture can easily controlled.

c) May produce good texture fabrics.

d) An average weaver can weave on this loom easily.

e) Fly shuttle pit-loom, back beam has been introduced to remove difficulties like (knot , yarn breakages etc).

f) It can accomodate a greater quality of weft in pirns.

DISADVANTAGES:-

A) Difficult to control more numbers of heald shaft.

B) This is one kind of hand loom so large production scale is impossible.

C) To set the loom is difficult.

FRAME LOOM:-

It almost have a similar mechanisms the grounded loom hold. The loom was made of rods and panels fastened at right angles to construct a form similar to box, to make it more handy and manageable . This type of loom is being utilised even untill new due to its economy and portability.

Image of frame loom ref Alamy.ref textile value chain

FEATURES:-

1) The movement by the slay is given by the left hand of the weaver.

2) This type of loom is made on frame.

3)Twill, Satin, and another more design an be weaved on this loom.

4) Beam dia may be used higher for warp.

ADVANTAGES:-

A) It has an increased speed as one hand of the weaver operates the picking handle and the other remains free to operate the slay.

B) Fabrics of long width can conveniently be woven as narrow ones.

C) Larger number of heald can be conveniently be operated.

D) Ensures better selvedge.

E) Let-off is done with pawl lever arrangement.

DISADVANTAGES:-

A) Cloth beam dia increases and makes very large which give ware and tare due to its large dia.

b) Difficult to fit the level.

c) Fabric may compact.

CHITRANJAN LOOMS:-

It is type of semi-automatic loom of sturdy construction made of iron and wood commonly used in “Bengal" is known as“Chitranjan” loom. This loom is also called “JAPAN LOOM.”

a bangali weaver on chitranjan loom.

FEATURES:-

1) The principal characteristic of this loom lies in its beating up, take-up, and Let-off motion.

2) For beat up , two wheels upon the top shaft connected to slay at two ends with two levers.

3) A five wheel positive take-up motion has been adopted to regulates picks per inch.

4) Production rate is high.

5) Shedding and picking motion in this loom work as fly shuttle loom .

ADVANTAGES:-

a) An average weaver can conveniently run this loom.

b) In 80 percent efficiency, this loom run at 120–140 picks per minute.

c) It ensures uniformity in the insertion of picks per inch by the use of five wheel positive take-up motions.

d) It also ensures uniform beat-up.

e) It is more suitable for weaving medium and coarse count fabric then finer one.

f) The sweep of slaying to produce terry piles .

DISADVANTAGES:-

A) This is not an automatic loom.

B) Five wheel positive take-up motion is used, gives jerky motion.

C) Precise control of a fraction of pick is not possible.

D) Production rate is less over than

modern loom.

ref:-https://textilevaluechain.in