COMPLEMENTRY AND SUBTRACTIVE COLORS:-

Complementary Colors:-

Complementary colors are pairs of opposite colors. What is meant by opposite can be different between color science, and art and the printing process.

Color Science:-

In color science "complementary colors" are colors opposite to each other on the color wheel. Primary colors and secondary colors are typically paired in this way:

red and cyan ( red cyan ) (where cya iin is the mixture of green and blue)

green and magenta ( green magenta ) (where magenta is the mixture of red and blue)

blue and yellow ( blue yellow ) (where yellow is the mixture of red and green)

After Imges:-

If a person stares at a single color for about a minute then looks at a white surface, an afterimage of the complementary color will appear. This is because of eye fatigue.

For example, 

if the person stares at a red color, the photoreceptors (cells in the eye which catch colored light) for red light in the retina (the back part of the eye) become fatigued. When photoreceptors are fatigued they are less able to send information to the brain. If the person then looks at white light, all photoreceptors will send information. Because the photoreceptors for red light are fatigued, the information they send will not be as strong as the information about the colors other than red and the illusion of seeing the complementary color is created.

Art and Design:-

a Blue-Yellow-Red color wheel. Opposite colors are called complementary.

Because of the limited range of colors that was available throughout most of the history of art, many artists still use a traditional set of complementary pairs, including:-

(1) Red ♥️ and Green 💚

(2) Blue 💙 and Orange 🧡

(3) Yellow 💛 and Purple 💜

The complement of each primary color (red, blue, or yellow) is roughly the color made by mixing the other two in a subtractive system (red + blue = purple; blue + yellow = green; red + yellow = orange). When two complements are mixed they produce a gray or brown.

The use of complementary colors is an important aspect of art and graphic design. This also extends to other fields such as contrasting colors in logos and retail display. When placed next to each other, complements make each other appear brighter. On an artistic color wheel, complementary colors are placed opposite one another. Although these artistic complements may not be precise complements under the scientific definition, most artistic color wheels are laid out roughly like the HSV color wheel discussed above.

Subtractive color:-

Subtractive color, or "subtractive color mixing", helps to understand what will be the color of light bounced off paper covered with some layers of inks or dyes.

CMY subtractive color mixing.

This model is the principle of how dyes and inks are used in color printing and photography printing. When the perceived color is obtained after white light passes through microscopic layers of ink or dye allowing some wavelengths of light to reach the eye, but not others.

CMK AND CMYK Color Modles and Printing process:-

CMYK Color Model:-

The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model, based on the CMY color model, used in color printing. CMYK refers to the four inks used in printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black).

When CMY colors are combined at full strength, the resulting pair mixtures are red, green, and blue. Mixing all three gives very dark grey.

The CMYK model is subtractive. It means that it subtracts or masks colors from white background of the paper. The ink reduces the reflected light. White light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow.

White is the natural color of the paper, while black results from a full combination of colored inks. To save cost on ink, and to produce deeper black tones, unsaturated and dark colors are produced by using black ink instead of pure mix of cyan, magenta, and yellow.

Using black ink:-

 

A sample of four-color printing process.

The "black" produced by mixing usual cyan, magenta, and yellow inks is actually a dark grey color. So, modern four-color printing uses black ink in addition to the subtractive primary colors. Common reasons for using black ink include:

(1) Text is typically printed in black and includes fine detail, difficult to reproduce with a mix of three inks.

(2) A combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks soaks the paper with ink, making it slower to dry.

(3) Although a combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks should, in theory, produce a perfect black, practical inks cannot do it and the result is actually a dark muddy color that does not quite appear black.

(4)Using black ink is less expensive than using the corresponding amounts of colored inks.

CMY COLOR MODEL:-

CMY color model is a color model, used in color printing. CMY refers to the three inks used in printing: cyan, magenta, and yellow.

When CMY colors are mixed at full strength, the result pair mixtures are red, green, and blue. Mixing all three gives very dark grey.

The CMY model is subtractive. It means that it subtracts or masks colors from white background of the paper. The ink reduces the reflected light. White light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow.

White is the natural color of the paper, while (nearly) black is made by a full combination of colored inks.

Unlike CMYK color model, it does not use additional black ink. So, it is not such economic and not so good at reproducing dark hues.

In color printing, the usual primary colors are cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY).

Cyan is the complement of red. So, the cyan is a filter that does not allow red color through. The amount of cyan ink put on a white sheet of paper controls how much of the red (in white light) will be reflected back from the paper. Magenta is the complement of green (does not pass it), and yellow is the complement of blue (does not pass it). Combinations of different amounts of the three hues can produce a wide range of colors.

In inkjet color printing and typical mass production printing processes, a black ink called K (Key) component is also used, called CMYK color model.

RYB (COLOR MIXING)

RYB color mixing.

RYB (red, yellow, blue) is an older standard set of subtractive primary colors used for mixing pigments. It is used in art, particularly in painting.

Red, yellow, and blue are the primary colors of the RYB color "wheel". Their secondary colors are violet (or purple), orange, and green (VOG).

Ref:-https://simple.m.wikipedia. org